Obsah – Contents
Úvodem – Preface 5
Vědecké stati – Studies
Uwe Müller Die „innere Kolonisation“ in den preußischen Ostprovinzen um 1900 als Muster für die ostmitteleuropäischen Landreformen nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg? Plädoyer für eine transnationale Perspektive auf ein konstitutives Element der Nationalstaatsbildung 9
Lothar Höbelt Die Deutsche Agrarpartei in Böhmen vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg 30
Vasil Paraskevov The Last Struggle: The Suppression of Agrarian Parties in Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania, 1944–1948 47
Diskuse – Discussion
Moritz Csáky Gedächtnis – Erinnerung – Differenz: Pluralität und Heterogenität als die Signatur Zentraleuropas 73
Přehled bádání – Research Overview
Martin Jemelka Dělnické kolonie tématem české historiografie tradice a stav výzkumu (Tradition and contemporary situation of the scholarship on working class settlements in the Czech lands) 105
Recenze – Reviews of Books
KAI DREWES, Jüdischer Adel. Nobilitierungen von Juden im Europa des 19. Jahrhunderts (Jan Županič) 123
VERENA MORITZ, HANNES LEIDINGER, Oberst Redl. Der Spionagefall, der Skandal, die Fakten (Lothar Höbelt) 128
FILIP BLÁHA, Frauenkörper im Fokus. Wahrnehmung zwischen Strasse und Turnplatz in Prag und Dresden vor Ersten Weltkrieg (Jan Mareš) 131
JÖRN LEONHARD, Die Büchse der Pandora: Geschichte des Ersten Weltkrieges (Rudolf Kučera) 138
MARTIN POLÁŠEK, Revizionisté, progresivisté a tradicionalisté. Programové debaty v československé sociální demokracii v letech 1924–1938 (Johannes Gleixner) 148
RADKA ŠUSTROVÁ, Pod ochranou Protekorátu. Kinderlandverschickung v Čechách a na Moravě: Politika, každodennost a paměť 1940–1945) (Chad Bryant)
Zprávy a anotace – Short Reviews and Annotations 159
Seznam autorů – List of Authors175
Autorům – Editorial Note176
Abstracts:
Uwe MüllerDie „innere Kolonisation“ in den preußischen Ostprovinzen um 1900 als Muster für die ostmitteleuropäischen Landreformen nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg? Plädoyer für eine transnationale Perspektive auf ein konstitutives Element der Nationalstaatsbildung
Historiography has shown that the implementation of land reforms in East Central Europe has been greatly stimulated by the particular post-war situation and was influenced by the balance of power in the respective countries. The diff erences in the radicalism of land reforms depended largely on whether the redistribution of land and property rights could be used to strengthen the new state nations and/or to weaken the former privileged ethnic groups, like Germans, Hungarians or Russians. Nevertheless, the question arises to what extent certain similarities and differences of land reforms were caused by the reception and adaptation of concepts from other countries and from the pre-war times. Germany is often overlooked in this context because here, after 1918, no major land reforms (but settlement projects) took place. The paper contains examinations of debates on “optimal” land ownership distribution as they were part of German agricultural politics and agricultural sciences (Max Sering) and of the attempts to implement these ideas before the First World War. Th e article emphasizes the mutual relationship of nationalistically motivated settlement policies and the economically and socio-politically motivated inner colonization. While national goals were not achieved, the interaction of the Poznań Settlement Commission, of the General Commission and of the private Polish and German parcelling agencies caused a signifi cant change in farm size structure by strengthening the rural middle classes. In a second step, a comparison between the German/Prussian settlement policy and “inner colonization” on one side and the East Central European land reforms on the other shows many similarities. The article ends with a plea for a transnational perspective on land reform history by the reconstruction of concrete transfer processes.
Lothar HöbeltDie Deutsche Agrarpartei in Böhmen vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg
The German Agrarian Party was founded in Bohemia in 1905. It won a majority of rural seats in both the 1907 and the 1911 elections. Compared with its Czech counterpart, it suffered from a lack of political organization and leadership. The economic lobbies and associations that had been instrumental in founding the party retained a dominant voice throughout its history. In parliament, the party kept a low profi le and a pro-government line, except on issues of commercial policies. During the war years, the party failed to adequately reflect the growing dissatisfaction of the agrarian world with governmental policies which is why it was re-founded in 1918 under another name (Bund der Landwirte).
Vasil ParaskevovThe Last Struggle: The Suppression of Agrarian Parties in Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania, 1944–1948
The paper examines the struggle between three agrarian parties – the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union “Nikola Petkov”, the Hungarian Smallholders Party and the Romanian National Peasant Party – and the local communist parties and Soviet representatives after the Second World War. It identifies the pattern and forms of communist campaign against the opposition agrarian parties and places them in the context of domestic and international developments. The paper discusses how the abolition of agrarian parties contributed to the Sovietization of Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania.
Martin JemelkaDělnické kolonie tématem české historiografie tradice a stav výzkumu (Tradition and contemporary situation of the scholarship on working class settlements in the Czech lands)
A study of working class housing, mainly of working class housing in working class settlemenents, belonged to the main topics of Czech ethnology and Czech socially oriented historiography before the year 1989. Within the frames of extensive ethnological researches of the Czech lands’ industrial areas both ethnologists and historians paid great attention to working class settlements in Brno, Plzeň, Prague or especially in Ostravian industrial area. Just around Ostrava we can speak about uninterrupted continuity of working class settlements’ research which has remained in the sphere of researchers’ interests also after the year 1989 when the changes in the whole society and the transformation of dominant historcal narratives led to a decline of interest in working class housing and settlements. The review article summs up the Czech existing scholarship with special reference to the greater Ostrava area.