Die vorliegende Ausgabe der Zeitschrift widmet sich der Erinnerungskulturen Zentraleuropas im 20. Jahrhundert.
In der ersten Studie vergleicht Marek Fapšo die Denkmäler von Frantisek Palacky in Prag und Theodor Mommsen in Berlin, um zu verdeutlichen, welche Rollen beide Historiker und zugleich die eigene Disziplin der Geschichtswissenschaft im tschechischen und deutschen Nationsbildungsprozess spielten. In der zweiten Studie geht dann Dagmar Hákjková der Frage nach, wie die Beerdigung von dem ersten tschechoslowakischen Präsident Tomas G. Masaryk als eine Performanz der Einheit eines Vielvölkerstaates diente und eine gemeinsame Identität angesichts der wachsenden nazistischen Gefahr zu stiften suchte. Der dritte Beitrag von Václav Šmidrkal verfolgt den Ort, den der Topos des „Eisernen Vorhangs“ in der tschechischen Erinnerungskultur einnimmt und zwar sowohl auf der Seite des sich nach 1989 formierten liberalen Milieus als auch innerhalb des weiterhin fortbestehenden kommunistischen Lagers. Die letzte Studie widmet sich einer ausgeprägt deutschen Thematik. Sona Mikulova spürt hier am Beispiel des „Fall Kefalonia“ die nazistische Vergangenheitsbewältigung der frühen Bundesrepublik. Rezensionen und kürzere Besprechungen wichtigster Neuerscheinungen zu verschiedenen Themen zentraleuropäischer Geschichte und Kultur runden die Ausgabe ab.
Obsah | Contents
Úvodem | Preface 5
Vědecké stati | Studies
Marek Fapšo František Palacký a Theodor Mommsen. K paralele pomníků (František Palacký and Theodor Mommsen. On the Parallel of two Monuments) 9
Dagmar Hájková Constructing National Unity. Commemorations of Tomáš G. Masaryk's Death 33
Václav Šmidrkal „Železná opona“ jako české místo paměti (The “Iron Curtain” as a Czech Site of Memory) 56
Soňa Mikulová Případ Kefalonia ve stínu legendy o „čistém wehrmachtu.“ (The Cephalonia Case in the Shadow of the „Clean Wehrmacht“ Myth) 80
Recenze | Reviews of Books
MARTIN KUČERA, Kultura v českých dějinách 19. století. Ke zrodu, genezi a smyslu avantgard (Karel Šima) 121
ANDREAS GOTTSMANN, Rom und die nationalen Katholizismen in der Donaumonarchie. Römischer Universalismus, habsburgische Reichspolitik und nationale Identitäten 1878–1914 (Miroslav Kunštát) 130
LUCIE KOSTRBOVÁ, KURT IFKOVITS, VRATISLAV DOUBEK, Die Wiener Wochenschrift „Die Zeit“ (1894–1904) als Mittler zwischen der Tschechischen und Wiener Moderne (Peter Stachel) 136
OTA KONRÁD, Dějepisectví, germanistika a slavistika na Německé univerzitě v Praze 1918–1945 (Petr Lozoviuk) 142
IVO PEJČOCH, Fašismus v českých zemích: fašistické a nacionálněsocialistické strany a hnutí v Čechách a na Moravě 1922–1945 (Ondřej Cinkajzl) 146
IVAN T. BEREND, From the Soviet Bloc to the European Union. The Economic and Social Transformation of Central and Eastern Europe since 1973 IVAN T. BEREND, Europe Since 1980 (Václav Průcha) 152
PETR RÁKOS, Neúnavná slova. Filologova lyrika (Tamás Berkes) 160
Zprávy a anotace | Short Reviews and Annotations169
Seznam autorů | List of Authors186
Autorům | Editorial Note187
Abstracts:
Marek FapšoFrantišek Palacký and Theodor Mommsen. On the Parallel of two Monuments
The article provides a comparison of two monuments – one of František Palacký in Prague and the second of Th eodor Mommsen in Berlin. Both men were the key historians of their nations in the 19th century. Palacký has offered a master-narrative of Czech national past in his famous book The History of Czech Nation in Bohemia and Moravia and set the main structures of narrating Czech history for two centuries. Theodor Mommsen has become a worldwide known historian due to his extraordinary History of Rome, for which he has obtained Nobel Price for Literature in 1903. Monuments of these historians were built at the beginning of the 20th century (Palacký’s in 1912, Mommsen’s in 1909). The paper focuses on structural similarities between the monuments, especially in the area of collective memory. Using the theory of Maurice Halbwachs formulated just before World War II the essay points out that there is a fundamental connection between memory and space. The essay argues that there is no significant structural difference between Palacký’s and Mommsen’s monument in terms of shaping the collective memory.
Dagmar HájkováConstructing National Unity. Commemorations of Tomáš G. Masaryk's Death
The article deals with commemorations of the death of Tomáš G. Masaryk, the first president of Czechoslovakia. The funeral, its organization, and the location of Masaryk’s grave reflected a new – predominantly nationalist-military-legionnaire – concept of the traditions of the Czechoslovak state. In the politically turbulent Europe of the late 1930s, it provided an opportunity to solidify the Czechoslovak national identity and to represent multinational state as unified.
Václav ŠmidrkalThe “Iron Curtain” as a Czech Site of Memory
The article analyses the “Iron Curtain” as a Czech site of memory. The official communist narrative denied the Western term “Iron Curtain” and asserted the legalistic argumentation of “state borders protection” supported by nationalistic and ideological arguments. After the fall of the regime in 1989 and the opening of the state borders, the Western “Iron Curtain” paradigm was adopted by the democratizing Czech society whereas the communist narrative became marginalised. It did not disappear, though, and both interpretations, the “Iron Curtain” as a central part of the new mainstream discourse and the “state border protection” as a peripheral part of post-communist memory, have remained alive side by side.
Soňa MikulováThe Cephalonia Case in the Shadow of the „Clean Wehrmacht“ Myth
Up to 9,000 Italian soldiers are believed to have been massacred by the German Army (Wehrmacht) on the Greek island of Cephalonia in September 1943, after Italy had switched to the Allied side in the World War II. Yet, until the end of 1990’s, the tragic event was completely ignored by the (Western) German public. The first attempt to break the silence was made by Der Spiegel magazine in December 1969. It did not succeed to provoke hardly any public reactions; it disturbed, however, the part of the West German society which was interested in maintaining the myth of the “clean Wehrmacht”. The paper examines how the Cephalonia case was investigated by international, Italian, and West German justice in the period 1945–1970, in which the Western Allies changed their attitude towards punishment of the war crimes carried out by the German Army. It also analyzes how this event was interpreted by the German Foreign Ministry and the veteran association whose members were possibly involved in the Cephalonia war crime and how they prepared themselves to face a possible public debate about the massacre on Cephalonia. Th e study based on archive documents reveals that more strategies were considered by the Foreign Ministry as well as by the veteran association, yet, silence proved to be the most efficient one.