ČESKÝ ČASOPIS HISTORICKÝ
THE CZECH HISTORICAL REVIEW
1/2009

STUDIE / STUDIES

ŠMAHEL František – NODL Martin
Kutnohorský dekret po 600 letech. Bilance dosavadního bádání
(Six Hundred Years on from The Kutná Hora Decree. Survey of Research to Date), S. 1-45

The Kutná Hora Decree of King Wenceslas IV. from 19 January 1409 amending the so-called university „votes“ to benefit the local corporation is one of the famous events in the history of Prague University and the Czech Lands, also. Following a brief retrospective of research carried up to the present time, the authors here present their own resolution of some disputed questions. Despite the fact that nationalistic disputes, connected to the opposing attitudes towards the Hus reform movement, contributed to their dramatic outcomes, it was the voluntary decision of King Wenceslas IV, that was the immediate and the most decisive. He responded to the opposition of the three foreign nations towards the convening of the Council of Pisa, to which the King pinned his hopes for his return to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire.
Key words: Bohemia, Prague, The Charles University, Colleges, Concordia nacionum, Quodlibet Disputation 1409, Czech reform movement, The Kutná Hora Decree

OGILVIE Sheilagh
Vesnická obec a tzv. „druhé nevolnictví“ v raně novověkých Čechách
(Communities and the ‘Second Serfdom’ in Early Modern Bohemia),
S. 46-94

This article explores the role played by the village community in the so-called ‘second serfdom’, using a database of manorial court records, serf petitions, and other micro-level documents for the Bohemian estate of Frýdlant between 1583 and 1692. It casts doubt on ‘manorial dominance’ theories which assume that the ‘second serfdom’ succeeded because manors were all-powerful and communes supine. But it also questions ‘communal autonomy’ theories, according to which villagers were largely unconstrained by manorial regulations and serfdom did not actually matter. Instead, the Frýdlant evidence supports a theory of communal-manorial ‘dualism’, whereby serfdom required both strong manorial institutions and strong communal institutions. The Frýdland findings vividly illustrate the dark side of both manorial regulation and communal ‘social capital’, showing how overlords and village oligarchies systematically colluded to coerce weaker villagers.
Key words: Bohemia, serfdom, village community, social capital, Czech history

HOUSKA Ondřej
Československo-italská politická smlouva z roku 1924
(The Czechoslovak-Italian Political Treaty of 1924), S. 95-118

This study is devoted to the Czechoslovak-Italian Treaty on Collaboration of 1924. It analyses the motivation of both parties, which led them to sign the Treaty, and the circumstances leading to its conclusion. It, then, shows that Czechoslovakia and Italy never, in fact, observed the Treaty in their relations and it was, thus, of no real importance. Czechoslovakia was, nevertheless, interested in extending the force of this Treaty, but this was rejected by Italy. The Treaty consequently expired in 1929.
Key words: Czechoslovakia, Italy, 1924, political treaty, Edvard Beneš, Benito Mussolini

MATERIÁLY / ARTICLES

JIROUŠEK Bohumil
Zánik Českého časopisu historického po únoru 1948 ve světle dobových dokumentů

(The Downfall of The Czech Historical Review after February 1948 as Seen in Contemporary Sources), S. 119-147
This study deals with the changes of The Czech Historical Review in the connection with the changes of the political situation emerging due to rising communist power in Czechoslovakia. The Czech Historical Review was established in 1895 and his publishing was suspended for the first time during the World War II (1941). After the war, there was restored the editorial board and there were published several volumes (1946-1949), but during that time the conflict between democratic historians and exponents of the Marxist-Leninist ideology in historiography was under way. This conflict became apparent in 1949 during the Marxist attempt to take over the magazine and during the temporal suspension of the magazine.
Key words: The Czech Historical Review, Historical Club, Marxist historiography, Marxism-Leninism, scientific magazines, Czech history, February 1948, 20th century

DISKUSE / DISCUSSION

BENEŠ Zdeněk
Demýtizovat Golla… Kritické úvahy nad kritickým portrétem historika a jeho působení
(De-mythologizing Goll… Critical Notes on a Critical Portrait of the Historian and his Work), S. 148-151
This contribution reflects on the work of Bohumil Jiroušek carried out until the present and it primarily focuses upon his critical approach to the formation and activities of what is known as the Goll School. It reflects upon the role of a historian in Czech society, using Goll as an example.
Key words: Czech lands, historiography, Jaroslav Goll

OBZORY LITERATURY / REVIEW ARTICLES AND REVIEWS

ČORNEJ Petr
Poděbradové (Úvaha na okraj monografie o jedné větvi šlechtického rodu)

(The Lords of Poděbrady /A Note in the Margin on a Monograph concerning one branch of a noble family/), S. 152-159
This review evaluates, in a wider historiographical framework, the methodological approach to the history of the most important branch of the House of the Lords of Kunštát and Poděbrady, which significantly influenced the shape of the Lands of Bohemia, in particular the Kingdom of Bohemia and Silesia in the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age. The history oh the Lords of Poděbrady, whose rise to power was connected to the activities of the „Hussite King“ George of Poděbrady, has been comprehensively dealt with by numerous experts from Hradec Králové University in a publication printed in the spring of 2008.
Key words: Lords of Poděbrady, Czech Lands, Silesia, Late Middle Ages, Early Modern History

PELIKÁN Jan
Dějiny Albánie - poslední opus významného českého historika
(History of Albania - the Final Opus by an Outstanding Czech Historian)
S. 160-168

This article deals with the final synthetic work, History of Albania, from the pen of the recently deceased historian Pavel Hradečný. In a wider comparison, it places Hradečný’s work within the framework of the results of contemporary Czech historiography concerning the history of South-East Europe. It also contemplates the current of Czech Historical Balkan Studies.
Key words: The history of Albania, Czech Historical Balkan Studies, the nature of national identity of the Albanians, Enverism

BEHRINGER Wolfgang, Kulturgeschichte des Klimas. Von der Eiszeit bis zur globalen Erwärmung (Petr Kreuz) S. 169 - BLUSSÉ Leonard, Visible Cities: Canton, Nagasaki and Batavia and the Coming of the Americans (Michal Wanner) S. 172 - ESSEN Andrzej, Polityka Czechosłowacji w Europie Środkowej w latach 1918-1932 (Ondřej Houska) S. 175 - CORNWELL John, Hitlerův papež. Tajný příběh Pia XII. (Jiří Lach) S. 178 - URBÁŠEK Pavel, Vysokoškolský vzdělávací systém v letech tzv. normalizace (Jiří Lach) S. 181